Solar water pumping for homes, farms and boreholes in Ghana

Solar pumping can support domestic water, livestock and irrigation, particularly when water can be stored during sunny hours. But a pump's nameplate power alone cannot size the system. The hydraulic requirement and water source must be understood.

Define daily water demand

Estimate litres required by people, animals, crops or processes, including seasonal peaks and losses. Decide whether the objective is to fill an elevated tank, pressurise a system or irrigate directly.

Measure total dynamic head

The vertical lift, drawdown, pipe length, fittings and delivery pressure all affect the pump duty. Borehole yield should be established so pumping does not exceed sustainable supply.

Use water storage strategically

Pumping into a tank during daylight can store energy as water and reduce battery dependence. Tank volume, structural support, overflow, water quality and distribution still require appropriate design.

Match controls and protection

Dry-run protection, level sensors, motor starting, cable length, lightning protection and controller compatibility matter. Engage qualified borehole, plumbing, structural and electrical specialists as the site requires.

For solar pumping, the real load is the water service the site must deliver.

Important: This educational article is not a site-specific electrical design, financial valuation or guarantee of system performance. Final decisions require a load assessment, site inspection and appropriately qualified professionals.